Türk Standartları’nda olduğu gibi Amerika’da yayınlanan kılavuz dökümanlar, yönetmelikler (specifications), kodlar (codes) da kimi zaman tavsiye niteliğinde kimi zaman ise uygulaması zorunlu dökümanlardır. İlgili kurumlar tarafından hazırlanan yönetmelikler, genellikle model codes olarak ifade edilen dökümanlar içerisine entegre edildikten sonra ilgili eyaletin meclisinde kanun haline gelmesi itibariyle uygulamaya girmiş olur. “Building Codes” ifadesi bir yasa olarak düşünülmelidir. Aşağıdaki kaynaklardan konu hakkında genel fikir edinilebilir.
https://www.nist.gov/buildings-construction/understanding-building-codes
https://constructionphysics.substack.com/p/how-building-codes-work-in-the-us
Model Codes dökümanlarını oluşturan başlıca organizasyonlar
1- ICC : IBC ve IRC Yapı Yönetmelikleri ve bunların dışında yangın, mekanik vs ile ilgili kodlar.
2-IAPMO: Mekanik, Tesisat vs
3-NFPA: Yangın, yangından korunma, ekipmanlar vs aklınıza gelebilecek herşey
Model kodların içerisine dahil edilmesi planlanan yönetmeliklerde sıklıkla ANSI sertifikalandırması istenir, örneğin ASCE 7 şartnamesi de uzun süredir ANSI ASCE 7 olarak çıkmaktadır, bu geçişin nedeni ASCE nin kurum olarak ANSI tarafından sertifikalandırılmasıdır.
ICC-IBC/IRC
IBC:International Building Code
IRC:International Residental Code
IBC tüm binalar için kapsayıcı bir kod iken IRC çok daha küçük ölçekli konutlar için özel bir yönetmeliktir. (one- and two-family dwellings and townhouses)
IBC karşılaşılan her türlü problemde aslında ilk bakılması gereken yönetmeliklerin başında gelir. ASCE de bulunan yükler, ACI da bulunan tasarım esasları da bu yönetmelik içinde tekrarlanır ya da referans verilir.
ACI
ACI “American Concrete Institute” ün baş harflerinden oluşmaktadır.
Birçok komite raporu, yönetmelik ve standard yayınları mevcuttur. Önemli görülenlere ait bilgiler aşağıda liste halinde verilecektir. Tüm güncel yayınlar için aşağı adresten detaylı arama yapılabilir.
https://www.concrete.org/publications/collectiononline/collectionsearch.aspx
14-12-2022 itibari ile güncel ACI yayın listesi aşağıdaki şekildedir.
(COLUSB22: 2022 USB ACI Collection of Concrete Codes, Specifications, and Practices-949$ satış fiyatı bulunmaktadır.) “M” harfi dökümanın metrik birimlerle hazırlandığını,
117-10 Reapproved 2015 Specification for Tolerances for Concrete Construction and Materials (ACI 117-10) and Commentary
117M-10 Reapproved 2015 Specification for Tolerances for Concrete Construction and Materials (ACI 117M-10) and Commentary (ACI 117RM-10)
117.1R-14 Guide for Tolerance Compatibility in Concrete Construction
121R-08 Guide for Concrete Construction Quality Systems in Conformance with ISO 9001
121.1R-16 Guide to Quality Management Auditing in the Concrete Industry
122R-14 Guide to Thermal Properties of Concrete and Masonry Systems
130R-19 Report on the Role of Materials in Sustainable Concrete Construction
131.1R-14 Information Delivery Manual (IDM) for Cast-in-Place Concrete
131.2R-17 Guide to Use of Industry Foundation Classes in Exchange of Reinforcement Models
132R-14 Guide for Responsibility in Concrete Construction
201.1R-08 Guide for Conducting a Visual Inspection of Concrete in Service
201.2R-16 Guide to Durable Concrete
201.3T-19 Joint Deterioration and Chloride-Based Deicing Chemicals
207.1R-05 Reapproved 2012 Guide to Mass Concrete
207.2R-07 Report on Thermal and Volume Change Effects on Cracking of Mass Concrete
207.3R-18 Report on Practices for Evaluation of Concrete in Existing Massive Structures for Service Conditions
207.4R-20 Report on Cooling and Insulating Systems for Mass Concrete
207.5R-11 Report on Roller-Compacted Mass Concrete
207.6R-17 Report on the Erosion of Concrete in Hydraulic Structures
209R-92 Reapproved 2008 Prediction of Creep, Shrinkage, and Temperature Effects in Concrete Structures
209.2R-08 Guide for Modeling and Calculating Shrinkage and Creep in Hardened Concrete
211.1-91 Reapproved 2009 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete
211.4R-08 Guide for Selecting Proportions for High-Strength Concrete Using Portland Cement and Other Cementitious Materials
211.5R-14 Guide for Submittal of Concrete Proportions
211.6T-14 Aggregate Suspension Mixture Proportioning Method
211.7R-20 Guide for Proportioning Concrete Mixtures with Ground Calcium Carbonate and Other Mineral Fillers
211.8R-15 Guide to Troubleshooting Concrete Mixture Issues as Influenced by Constitutive Materials, Jobsite Conditions, or Testing Practices
211.9R-18 Guide to Selecting Proportions for Pumpable Concrete
212.3R-16 Report on Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
213R-14 Guide for Structural Lightweight-Aggregate Concrete
214R-11 Reapproved 2019 Guide to Evaluation of Strength Test Results of Concrete
214RS-11 Guía para la evaluación de resultados de ensayos de resistencia del concreto
PRC-214.4-21 Obtaining Cores and Interpreting Core Compressive Strength Results—Guide
216.1-14 Reapproved 2019 Code Requirements for Determining Fire Resistance of Concrete and Masonry Construction Assemblies
216.1M-14 Reapproved 2019 Code Requirements for Determining Fire Resistance of Concrete and Masonry Construction Assemblies
221R-96 Reapproved 2001 Guide for Use of Normal Weight and Heavyweight Aggregates in Concrete
221.1R-98 Reapproved 2008 Report on Alkali-Aggregate Reactivity
222R-19 Guide to Protection of Reinforcing Steel in Concrete against Corrosion
222.2R-14 Report on Corrosion of Prestressing Steels
222.3R-11 Guide to Design and Construction Practices to Mitigate Corrosion of Reinforcement in Concrete Structures
PRC-223-21 Shrinkage-Compensating Concrete—Guide
224R-01 Reapproved 2008 Control of Cracking in Concrete Structures
224.1R-07 Causes, Evaluation, and Repair of Cracks in Concrete Structures
224.2R-92 Reapproved 2004 Cracking of Concrete Members in Direct Tension
224.3R-95 Reapproved 2013 Joints in Concrete Construction
224.4R-13 Guide to Design Detailing to Mitigate Cracking
225R-19 Guide to the Selection and Use of Hydraulic Cements
225.1T-20 TechNote: Removal of Optional Alkali Limit in Standard Specifications for Portland Cement
228.1R-19 Report on Methods for Estimating In-Place Concrete Strength
228.2R-13 Report on Nondestructive Test Methods for Evaluation of Concrete in Structures
229R-13 Report on Controlled Low-Strength Materials
230.1R-09 Report on Soil Cement
231R-10 Reapproved 2020 Report on Early-Age Cracking: Causes, Measurement, and Mitigation
232.1R-12 Report on the Use of Raw or Processed Natural Pozzolans in Concrete
232.2R-18 Report on the Use of Fly Ash in Concrete
232.3R-14 Report on High-Volume Fly Ash Concrete for Structural Applications
232.4T-20 TechNote: Limits on the Proportions of Fly Ash in Concrete
233R-17 Guide to the Use of Slag Cement in Concrete and Mortar
234R-06 Reapproved 2012 Guide for the Use of Silica Fume in Concrete
237R-07 Reapproved 2019 Self-Consolidating Concrete
PRC-237.2-21 Self-Consolidating Concrete Form Pressure: Primary Factors and Prediction Models—Report
238.1R-08 Report on Measurements of Workability and Rheology of Fresh Concrete
238.2T-14 Concrete Thixotropy
239R-18 Ultra-High-Performance Concrete: An Emerging Technology Report
241R-17 Report on the Application of Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials in Concrete
301-20 Specifications for Structural Concrete
301M-20 Specifications for Structural Concrete
302.1R-15 Guide to Concrete Floor and Slab Construction
302.2R-06 Guide for Concrete Slabs that Receive Moisture-Sensitive Flooring Materials
303R-12 Guide to Cast-in-Place Architectural Concrete Practice
304R-00 Reapproved 2009 Guide for Measuring, Mixing, Transporting, and Placing Concrete
304.2R-17 Guide to Placing Concrete by Pumping Methods
304.3R-20 Heavyweight Concrete: Measuring, Mixing, Transporting, and Placing
304.4R-20 Guide to Placing Concrete with Belt Conveyors
304.6R-09 Reapproved 2019 Guide for Use of Volumetric-Measuring and Continuous-Mixing Concrete Equipment
305R-20 Guide to Hot Weather Concreting
305.1-14 Reapproved 2020 Specification for Hot Weather Concreting
305.1M-14 Specification for Hot Weather Concreting
306R-16 Guide to Cold Weather Concreting
306.1-90 Reapproved 2002 Standard Specification for Cold Weather Concreting
307-08 Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete Chimneys (ACI 307-08) and Commentary
308R-16 Guide to External Curing Concrete of Concrete
(308-213)R-13 Report on Internally Cured Concrete Using Prewetted Absorptive Lightweight Aggregate
308.1-11 Specification for Curing Concrete
309R-05 Guide for Consolidation of Concrete
309.1R-08 Report on Behavior of Fresh Concrete During Vibration
309.2R-15 Guide to Identification and Control of Visible Surface Effects of Consolidation on Formed Concrete Surfaces
309.5R-00 Reapproved 2006 Compaction of Roller-Compacted Concrete
310R-19 Guide to Decorative Concrete
310.1-20 Specification for Polished Concrete Slab Finishes
311.4R-05 Guide for Concrete Inspection
311.6-18 Specification for Testing Ready Mixed Concrete
311.7-18 Specification for Inspection of Concrete Construction
313-16 Design Specification for Concrete Silos and Stacking Tubes for Storing Granular Materials (ACI 313-16) and Commentary
314R-16 Guide to Simplified Design for Reinforced Concrete Buildings
314RS-16 Guía para el diseño simplificado de edificaciones en concreto reforzado
315R-18 Guide to Presenting Reinforcing Steel Design Details
318-19 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-19) and Commentary (ACI 318R-19)
318M-19 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-19) and Commentary (ACI 318R-19)
318S-19 Requisitos de Reglamento para Concreto Estructural (ACI 318-19) y Comentario (ACI 318R-19)
318.2-19 Building Code Requirements for Concrete Thin Shells (ACI 318.2-19) and Commentary (ACI 318.2R-19)
318.2M-19 Building Code Requirements for Concrete Thin Shells (ACI 318.2-19) and Commentary (ACI 318.2R-19)
325.9R-15 Guide for Construction of Concrete Pavements
325.11R-19 Report on Accelerated Techniques for Concrete Paving
325.12R-02 Reapproved 2019 Guide for Design of Jointed Concrete Pavements for Streets and Local Roads
325.13R-06 Reapproved 2019 Concrete Overlays for Pavement Rehabilitation
325.14R-17 Guide for Design and Proportioning of Concrete Mixtures for Pavements
327R-14 Guide to Roller-Compacted Concrete Pavements
PRC-327.1-21 In-Place Density Testing of Freshly Placed Roller-Compacted Concrete by Nuclear Gauge Testing—TechNote
329R-14 Report on Performance-Based Requirements for Concrete
329.1T-18 Minimum Cementitious Materials Content in Specifications
PRC-330-21 Commercial Concrete Parking Lots and Site Paving Design and Construction—Guide
330.1-14 Reapproved 2020 Specification for Unreinforced Concrete Parking Lots and Site Paving
330.1M-14 Specification for Unreinforced Concrete Parking Lots and Site Paving
330.2R-17 Reapproved 2020 Guide for the Design and Construction of Concrete Site Paving for Industrial and Trucking Facilities
332-20 Code Requirements for Residential Concrete (ACI 332-20) and Commentary
332M-20 Code Requirements for Residential Concrete (ACI 332-20) and Commentary
332.1R-18 Guide to Residential Concrete Construction
334.1R-92 Reapproved 2002 Concrete Shell Structures—Practice and Commentary
334.3R-05 Reapproved 2020 Construction of Concrete Shells Using Inflated Forms
336.1-01 Specification for the Construction of Drilled Piers
336.3R-14 Report on Design and Construction of Drilled Piers
341.2R-14 Report on Analysis and Design of Seismic-Resistant Concrete Bridge Systems
341.3R-07 Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit Techniques for Concrete Bridges
341.4R-16 Report on the Seismic Design of Bridge Columns Based on Drift
342R-16 Report on Flexural Live Load Distribution Methods for Evaluating Existing Bridges
343R-95 Reapproved 2004 Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Structures
343.1R-12 Guide for the Analysis and Design of Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Guideway Structures
345R-11 Guide for Concrete Highway Bridge Deck Construction
345.1R-16 Guide to Maintenance of Concrete Bridge Members
345.2R-13 Guide for Widening Highway Bridges
347R-14 Guide to Formwork for Concrete
347.2R-17 Guide for Shoring/Reshoring of Concrete Multistory Buildings
347.3R-13 Guide to Formed Concrete Surfaces
349-13 Code Requirements for Nuclear Safety-Related Concrete Structures (ACI 349-13) and Commentary
349M-13 Code Requirements for Nuclear Safety-Related Concrete Structures (ACI 349-13) and Commentary
349.1R-07 Reinforced Concrete Design for Thermal Effects on Nuclear Power Plant Structures
349.2R-07 Reapproved 2020 Concrete Capacity Design (CCD) Method—Embedment Design Examples—Guide
349.3R-18 Report on Evaluation and Repair of Existing Nuclear Safety-Related Concrete Structures
350-20 Code Requirements for Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures (ACI 350-20) and Commentary
350.1-10 Specification for Tightness Testing of Environmental Engineering Concrete Containment Structures (ACI 350.1-10) and Commentary
350.1M-10 Specification for Tightness Testing of Environmental Engineering Concrete Containment Structures (ACI 350.1-10) and Commentary
PRC-350.2-21 Concrete Structures for Containment of Hazardous Materials
350.3-20 Seismic Design of Liquid-Containing Concrete Structures (ACI 350.3-20) and Commentary
350.4R-04 Design Considerations for Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures
350.5-12 Specifications for Environmental Concrete Structures
350.5M-12 Specifications for Environmental Concrete Structures
351.1R-12 Report on Grouting between Foundations and Bases for Support of Equipment and Machinery
351.2R-10 Reapproved 2020 Report on Foundations for Static Equipment
351.3R-18 Report on Foundations for Dynamic Equipment
351.4-14 Specification for Installation of Cementitious Grouting between Foundations and Equipment Bases
351.4M-14 Specification for Installation of Cementitious Grouting between Foundations and Equipment Bases
351.5-15 Specification for Installation of Epoxy Grout between Foundations and Equipment Bases
351.5M-15 Specification for Installation of Epoxy Grout between Foundations and Equipment Bases
352R-02 Reapproved 2010 Recommendations for Design of Beam-Column Connections in Monolithic Reinforced Concrete Structures
352.1R-11 Guide for Design of Slab-Column Connections in Monolithic Concrete Structures
355.2-19 Qualification of Post-Installed Mechanical Anchors in Concrete (ACI 355.2-19) and Commentary
355.4-19 Qualification of Post-Installed Adhesive Anchors in Concrete (ACI 355.4-19) and Commentary
355.4M-19 Qualification of Post-Installed Adhesive Anchors in Concrete (ACI 355.4M-19) and Commentary
357R-84 Reapproved 1997 Guide for the Design and Construction of Fixed Offshore Concrete Structures
357.2R-10 Report on Floating and Float-In Concrete Structures
357.3R-14 Guide for Design and Construction of Waterfront and Coastal Concrete Marine Structures
359-17 Code for Concrete Containments (Synopsis only)
360R-10 Guide to Design of Slabs-on-Ground
362.1R-12 Guide for the Design and Construction of Durable Concrete Parking Structures
PRC-362.2-21 Parking Structure Structural Maintenance—Guide
363R-10 Report on High-Strength Concrete
363.2R-11 Guide to Quality Control and Assurance of High-Strength Concrete
364.1R-19 Guide for Assessment of Concrete Structures before Rehabilitation
PRC-364.2-21 Increasing Shear Capacity within Existing Reinforced Concrete Structures—TechNote
364.3R-09 Guide for Cementitious Repair Material Data Sheet
364.3T-15 Treatment of Exposed Epoxy-Coated Reinforcement in Repair
PRC-364.4-21 Determining the Load Capacity of a Structure When Structural Drawings are Unavailable—TechNote
PRC-364.5-21 Importance of Modulus of Elasticity in Surface Repair Materials—TechNote
364.6T-02 Reapproved 2011 Concrete Removal in Repairs Involving Corroded Reinforcing Steel
PRC-364.7-21 Evaluation and Minimization of Bruising in Concrete Repair—TechNote
364.8T-02 Reapproved 2011 Use of Hydrodemolition for Concrete Removal in Unbonded Post-Tensioned Systems
PRC-364.9-21 Cracks in a Concrete Repair—TechNote
364.10T-14 Rehabilitation of Structure with Reinforcement Section Loss
364.11T-15 Managing Alkali-Aggregate Reaction Expansion in Mass Concrete
364.12T-15 Repair of Leaking Cracks in Walls of Liquid Containment Structures
364.13T-15 Repairs for Reinforcement with Shallow Cover
364.14T-17 Section Loss Determination of Damaged or Corroded Reinforcing Steel Bars
364.15T-18 Significance of the Shrinkage-Compensating and Nonshrink Labels on Packaged Repair Materials
364.16T-18 Physical Properties and Characteristics Affecting the Sensitivity to Cracking of Cementitious Repair Materials
364.17T-18 How to Measure pH of a Concrete Surface prior to Installation of a Floor Covering
365.1R-17 Report on Service Life Prediction
369R-11 Guide for Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Concrete Frame Buildings and Commentary
369.1-17 Standard Requirements for Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Exisiting Concrete Buildings (ACI 369.1-17) and Commentary
369.1M-17 Standard Requirements for Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Exisiting Concrete Buildings (ACI 369.1M-17) and Commentary
370R-14 Report for the Design of Concrete Structures for Blast Effects
371R-16 Guide for the Analysis, Design, and Construction of Elevated Concrete and Composite Steel-Concrete Water Storage Tanks
372R-13 Guide to Design and Construction of Circular Wire- and Strand-Wrapped Prestressed Concrete Structures
374.1-05 Reapproved 2019 Acceptance Criteria for Moment Frames Based on Structural Testing (ACI 374.1-05) and Commentary
374.2R-13 Guide for Testing Reinforced Concrete Structural Elements under Slowly Applied Simulated Seismic Loads
374.3R-16 Guide to Nonlinear Modeling Parameters for Earthquake-Resistant Structures
376-11 Code Requirements for Design and Construction of Concrete Structures for the Containment of Refrigerated Liquefied Gases (ACI 376-11) and Commentary
376M-11 Code Requirements for Design and Construction of Concrete Structures for the Containment of Refrigerated Liquefied Gases (ACI 376M-11) and Commentary
PRC-377-21 Integrity and Collapse Resistance of Structural Concrete Floor Systems—Report
408R-03 Reapproved 2012 Bond and Development of Straight Reinforcing Bars in Tension
408.2R-12 Report on Bond of Steel Reinforcing Bars Under Cyclic Loads
408.3R-09 Guide for Lap Splice and Development Length of High Relative Rib Area Reinforcing Bars in Tension and Commentary
421.1R-20 Guide to Shear Reinforcement for Slabs
PRC-421.2-21 Seismic Design of Punching Shear Reinforcement in Flat Plates—Guide
421.3R-15 Guide to Design of Reinforced Two-Way Slab Systems
423.3R-17 Recommendations for Concrete Members Prestressed with Single-Strand Unbonded Tendons
423.4R-14 Report on Corrosion and Repair of Unbonded Single-Strand Tendons
423.7-14 Specification for Unbonded Single-Strand Tendon Materials
PRC-423.8-21 Corrosion and Repair of Post-Tensioning Tendon Systems—Report
423.10R-16 Guide to Estimating Prestress Losses
435R-20 Report on Deflection of Nonprestressed Concrete Structures
435.8R-85 Reapproved 1997 Observed Deflections of Reinforced Concrete Slab Systems, and Causes of Large Deflections (Synopsis only)
437R-19 Strength Evaluation of Existing Concrete Buildings
437.1R-07 Load Tests of Concrete Structures: Methods, Magnitude, Protocols, and Acceptance Criteria
437.2-13 Code Requirements for Load Testing of Existing Concrete Structures (ACI 437.2-13) and Commentary
437.2M-13 Code Requirements for Load Testing of Existing Concrete Structures (ACI 437.2M-13) and Commentary
439.3R-07 Types of Mechanical Splices for Reinforcing Bars
439.4R-09 Reapproved 2017 Report on Steel Reinforcement—Material Properties and U.S. Availability
439.5R-18 Guide for the Specification, Manufacture, and Construction Use of Welded Wire Reinforcement
439.6R-19 Guide for the Use of ASTM A1035/A1035M Type CS Grade 100 (690) Steel Bars for Structural Concrete
440R-07 Report on Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Reinforcement for Concrete Structures
440.1R-15 Guide for the Design and Construction of Structural Concrete Reinforced with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Bars
440.2R-17 Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengthening Concrete Structures
440.3R-12 Guide Test Methods for Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites for Reinforcing or Strengthening Concrete and Masonry Structures
440.4R-04 Reapproved 2011 Prestressing Concrete Structures with FRP Tendons
440.5-08 Specification for Construction with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforcing Bars
440.6-08 Reapproved 2017 Specification for Carbon and Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bar Materials for Concrete Reinforcement
440.7R-10 Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Systems for Strengthening Unreinforced Masonry Structures
440.8-13 Specification for Carbon and Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Materials Made by Wet Layup for External Strengthening of Concrete and Masonry Structures
440.9R-15 Guide to Accelerated Conditioning Protocols for Durability Assessment of Internal and External Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Reinforcement
PRC-440.10-21 Fire Resistance of FRP-Strengthening Concrete Members—TechNote
441R-96 High-Strength Concrete Columns
441.1R-18 Report on Equivalent Rectangular Concrete Stress Block and Transverse Reinforcement for High-Strength Concrete Columns
PRC-444.2-21 Concrete Structure Structural Health Monitoring Technologies—Report
445R-99 Reapproved 2015 Recent Approaches to Shear Design of Structural Concrete
445.1R-12 Reapproved 2021 Report on Torsion in Structural Concrete
PRC-445.2-21 Strut-and-Tie Method Guidelines for ACI 318-19—Guide
446.1R-91 Reapproved 1999 Fracture Mechanics of Concrete: Concepts, Models and Determination of Material Properties (Synopsis only)
446.3R-97 Finite Element Analysis of Fracture in Concrete Structures
447R-18 Design Guide for Twisting Moments in Slabs
447.1R-18 Report on the Modeling Techniques Used in Finite Element Simulations of Concrete Structures Strengthened Using Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Materials
503.3-10 Specification for Producing a Skid-Resistant Surface on Concrete by the Use of Epoxy and Aggregate
503.3M-10 Specification for Producing a Skid-Resistant Surface on Concrete by the Use of Epoxy and Aggregate
503.4-92 Reapproved 2003 Standard Specification for Repairing Concrete with Epoxy Mortars
503.5R-92 Reapproved 2003 Guide for the Selection of Polymer Adhesives with Concrete
506R-16 Guide to Shotcrete
PRC-506.1-21 Fiber-Reinforced Shotcrete—Guide
506.2-13 Reapproved 2018 Specification for Shotcrete
506.2M-13 Reapproved 2018 Specification for Shotcrete
506.4R-19 Guide for the Evaluation of Shotcrete
506.5R-09 Reapproved 2016 Guide for Specifying Underground Shotcrete
506.6T-17 Visual Shotcrete Core Quality Evaluation
515.2R-13 Guide to Selecting Protective Treatments for Concrete
515.3R-20 Guide for Assessment and Surface Preparation for Application of Protection Systems for Concrete
522R-10 Reapproved 2011 Report on Pervious Concrete
522.1-20 Specification for Construction of Pervious Concrete Pavement
523.1R-06 Guide for Cast-in-Place Low-Density Cellular Concrete
523.2R-96 Guide for Precast Cellular Concrete Floor, Roof, and Wall Units
523.3R-14 Guide for Cellular Concretes above 50 lb/ft3 (800 kg/m3)
524R-16 Guide to Portland Cement-Based Plaster
526R-19 Guide for Design and Construction with Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Panels
530-13/TMS 402-13/ASCE 5-13 Building Code Requirements and Specification for Masonry Structures
533R-11 Reapproved 2021 Guide for Precast Concrete Wall Panels
533.1R-20 Guide for Design and Construction Responsibilities for Architectural Precast Concrete
533.5R-20 Guide for Precast Concrete Tunnel Segments
543R-12 Guide to Design, Manufacture, and Installation of Concrete Piles
544.1R-96 Reapproved 2009 Report on Fiber Reinforced Concrete
544.2R-17 Report on the Measurement of Fresh State Properties and Fiber Dispersion of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
544.3R-08 Guide for Specifying, Proportioning, and Production of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
544.4R-18 Guide to Design with Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
544.5R-10 Report on the Physical Properties and Durability of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
544.6R-15 Report on Design and Construction of Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Elevated Slabs
544.7R-16 Report on Design and Construction of Fiber-Reinforced Precast Concrete Tunnel Segments
544.8R-16 Report on Indirect Method to Obtain Stress-Strain Response of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (FRC)
544.9R-17 Report on Measuring Mechanical Properties of Hardened Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
PRC-544.10-21 Fiber Effect on Reducing the Permeability of Cracked Concrete Structures—TechNote
546R-14 Guide to Concrete Repair
546.2R-20 Guide to Underwater Repair of Concrete
546.3R-14 Guide to Materials Selection for Concrete Repair
546.4R-20 Guide for Jobsite Quality Control and Quality Assurance of Cementitious Packaged Materials
548.1R-09 Guide for the Use of Polymers in Concrete
548.3R-09 Report on Polymer-Modified Concrete
548.4-11 Specification for Latex-Modified Concrete Overlays
548.4M-11 Specification for Latex-Modified Concrete Overlays
548.5R-16 Guide for Polymer Concrete Overlays
548.6R-19 Polymer Concrete: Guidelines for Structural Applications
548.8-19 Specification for Type EM (Epoxy Multi-Layer) Polymer Overlay for Bridge and Parking Garage Decks
548.8M-19 Specification for Type EM (Epoxy Multi-Layer) Polymer Overlay for Bridge and Parking Garage Decks
548.9-08 Specification for Type ES (Epoxy Slurry) Polymer Overlay for Bridge and Parking Garage Decks
548.9M-08 Specification for Type ES (Epoxy Slurry) Polymer Overlay for Bridge and Parking Garage Decks
548.10-10 Specification for Type MMS (Methyl Methacrylate Slurry) Polymer Overlays for Bridge and Parking Garage Decks
548.10M-10 Specification for Type MMS (Methyl Methacrylate Slurry) Polymer Overlays for Bridge and Parking Garage Decks
548.11R-12 Guide for the Application of Epoxy and Latex Adhesives for Bonding Freshly Mixed and Hardened Concretes
548.12-12 Specification for Bonding Hardened Concrete and Steel to Hardened Concrete with an Epoxy Adhesive
SPEC-548.13-21 Multi-Component Epoxy Adhesive for Bonding to Concrete—Specification
548.14-14 Specification for Repairing Concrete with Epoxy Mortar
548.14M-14 Specification for Repairing Concrete with Epoxy Mortar
548.15-20 Specification for Crack Repair by Epoxy Injection
548.15M-20 Specification for Crack Repair by Epoxy Injection
549R-18 Report on Ferrocement
549.1R-18 Design Guide for Ferrocement
549.3R-09 Reapproved 2017 Report on Glass Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Premix
549.4R-20 Guide to Design and Construction of Externally Bonded Fabric-Reinforced Cementitious Matrix and Steel-Reinforced Grout Systems for Repair and Strengthening of Concrete Structures
549.5R-16 Report on Spray-up and Continuous Strand Glass Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (GFRC)
549.6R-20 Guide to Design and Construction of Externally Bonded Fabric-Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) and Steel-Reinforced Grout (SRG) Systems for Repair and Strengthening Masonry Structures
550.1R-09 Reapproved 2017 Guide to Emulating Cast-in-Place Detailing for Seismic Design of Precast Concrete Structures
550.2R-13 Design Guide for Connections in Precast Jointed Systems
550.3-13 Design Specification for Unbonded Post-Tensioned Precast Concrete Special Moment Frames Satisfying ACI 374.1 (ACI 550.3-13) and Commentary
550.3M-13 Design Specification for Unbonded Post-Tensioned Precast Concrete Special Moment Frames Satisfying ACI 374.1 (ACI 550.3M-13) and Commentary
550.4-18 Qualification of Precast Concrete Diaphragm Connections and Reinforcement at Joints for Earthquake Loading (ACI 550.4-18) and Commentary (ACI 550.4R-18)
550.4M-18 Qualification of Precast Concrete Diaphragm Connections and Reinforcement at Joints for Earthquake Loading (ACI 550.4M-18) and Commentary (ACI 550.4RM-18)
550.5-18 Code Requirements for the Design of Precast Concrete Diaphragms for Earthquake Motions (ACI 550.5-18) and Commentary (ACI 550.5R-18)
550.5M-18 Code Requirements for the Design of Precast Concrete Diaphragms for Earthquake Motions (ACI 550.5M-18) and Commentary (ACI 550.5RM-18)
550.6-19 Acceptance Criteria for Special Unbonded Post-Tensioned Precast Structural Walls Based on Validation Testing and Commentary
550.6M-19 Acceptance Criteria for Special Unbonded Post-Tensioned Precast Structural Walls Based on Validation Testing and Commentary
550.7-19 Requirements for Design of a Special Unbonded Post-Tensioned Precast Shear Wall Satisfying ACI 550.6 (ACI 550.7) and Commentary
551.1R-14 Guide to Tilt-Up Concrete Construction
551.2R-15 Design Guide for Tilt-Up Concrete Panels
PRC-551.3-21 Pitfalls of Deviating from ACI 318 Slender Wall Provisions—TechNote
555R-01 Removal and Reuse of Hardened Concrete
560R-16 Report on Design and Construction with Insulating Concrete Forms (ICFs)
CODE-562-21 Assessment, Repair, and Rehabilitation of Existing Concrete Structures—Code and Commentary
CODE-562-21 Assessment, Repair, and Rehabilitation of Existing Concrete Structures—Code and Commentary (SI Units)
563-18 Specifications for Repair of Concrete in Buildings (ACI 563-18)
ITG-4.3R-07 Report on Structural Design and Detailing for High-Strength Concrete in Moderate to High Seismic Applications
ITG-7-09 Specification for Tolerances for Precast Concrete
ITG-7M-09 Specification for Tolerances for Precast Concrete
ITG-9R-16 Report on Design of Concrete Wind Turbine Towers
ITG-10R-18 Practitioner’s Guide for Alternative Cements
ITG-10.1R-18 Report on Alternative Cements
AASHTO “Yayın Kataloğu” diğer standartlar gibi sürekli güncellenerek paylaşılmaktadır. 15-10-2022 itibari ile yayın listesi aşağıdadır.
AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications güncel standardı 2020 tarihlidir.
AISC
American Instiute of Steel Construction (AISC), 1921 yılında kurulmuş olan ve çelik yapılar özelinde faaliyet gösteren bir kurumdur. Yayınları hem ABD hem de birçok ülke yönetmeliklerine kaynak olmuştur, Türk Çelik Şartnamesi’nde olduğu gibi.
Aşağı adresten kurumun yayınladığı tüm dökümanlara ulaşılabilir.
AISC 360-22 SPECIFICATION FOR STRUCTURAL STEEL BUILDINGS ve aşağıdaki yönetmelikleri herhangi bir ücret ödemeden aynı adresten indirilebilir. Önceki yıllara hatta geçtiğimiz yüzyıl içerisindeki yönetmelikler de “Historic Standards” böülümünden erişilebilir. Aşağı listedeki her döküman ayrı ayrı çok önemlidir ve incelenmeleri gereklidir. Kimi zaman yapım şartnamesi ya da yapım ile ilgili tolerans konusunda AISC 303, civatalar ile ilgili tüm konularda RCSC Spec, sismik bağlantı tasarımı ve ön onaylı (prequalified connections) bağlantılar ve hesap detayları için bu dökümanlar kullanılabilir.
Steel Construction Manual içerisinde bulunan Design Examples isimli döküman her ne kadar metrik birimler de olmasa da mühendisler için çok önemli bir kaynaktır.
https://www.aisc.org/globalassets/aisc/manual/v15.1-companion/v15.1_vol-1_design-examples.pdf
AISC nin en önemli yayınlarından birisi de aşağıda tek tek yazılan Design Guide dökümanlarıdır. Taban plakasından, endüstri yapılarında servis kontollerine, civatalardan önemli sismik bağlantı hesaplarına, titreşim problemlerine kadar her konu çok detaylı bir şekilde anlatılmıştır.
DESIGN GUIDE 1: BASE PLATE AND ANCHOR ROD DESIGN (SECOND EDITION)
DESIGN GUIDE 2: DESIGN OF STEEL AND COMPOSITE BEAMS WITH WEB OPENINGS
DESIGN GUIDE 3: SERVICEABILITY DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR STEEL BUILDINGS (SECOND EDITION)
DESIGN GUIDE 4: EXTENDED END-PLATE MOMENT CONNECTIONS SEISMIC AND WIND APPLICATIONS (SECOND EDITION)
DESIGN GUIDE 5: DESIGN OF LOW- AND MEDIUM-RISE STEEL BUILDINGS
DESIGN GUIDE 6: LOAD AND RESISTANCE FACTOR DESIGN OF W-SHAPES ENCASED IN CONCRETE
DESIGN GUIDE 7: INDUSTRIAL BUILDING DESIGN (THIRD EDITION)
DESIGN GUIDE 8: PARTIALLY RESTRAINED COMPOSITE CONNECTIONS
DESIGN GUIDE 9: TORSIONAL ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL STEEL MEMBERS
DESIGN GUIDE 10: ERECTION BRACING OF LOW-RISE STRUCTURAL STEEL BUILDINGS (SECOND EDITION)
DESIGN GUIDE 12: MODIFICATION OF EXISTING STEEL WELDED MOMENT FRAME CONNECTIONS FOR SEISMIC
DESIGN GUIDE 13: WIDE-FLANGE COLUMN STIFFENING AT MOMENT CONNECTIONS
DESIGN GUIDE 14: STAGGERED TRUSS FRAMING SYSTEMS
DESIGN GUIDE 15: REHABILITATION AND RETROFIT, SECOND EDITION
DESIGN GUIDE 16: FLUSH AND EXTENDED MULTIPLE-ROW MOMENT END-PLATE CONNECTIONS
DESIGN GUIDE 17: HIGH STRENGTH BOLTS–A PRIMER FOR STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS
DESIGN GUIDE 18: STEEL-FRAMED OPEN-DECK PARKING STRUCTURES
DESIGN GUIDE 19: FIRE RESISTANCE OF STRUCTURAL STEEL FRAMING
DESIGN GUIDE 20: STEEL PLATE SHEAR WALLS
DESIGN GUIDE 21: WELDED CONNECTIONS–A PRIMER FOR ENGINEERS, SECOND EDITION
DESIGN GUIDE 22: FACADE ATTACHMENTS TO STEEL-FRAMED BUILDINGS
DESIGN GUIDE 23: CONSTRUCTABILITY OF STRUCTURAL STEEL BUILDINGS
DESIGN GUIDE 24: HOLLOW STRUCTURAL SECTION CONNECTIONS
DESIGN GUIDE 25: FRAME DESIGN USING NONPRISMATIC MEMBERS, SECOND EDITION
DESIGN GUIDE 26: DESIGN OF BLAST RESISTANT STRUCTURES
DESIGN GUIDE 27: STRUCTURAL STAINLESS STEEL (SECOND EDITION)
DESIGN GUIDE 28: STABILITY DESIGN OF STEEL BUILDINGS
DESIGN GUIDE 29: VERTICAL BRACING CONNECTIONS–ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
DESIGN GUIDE 30: SOUND ISOLATION AND NOISE CONTROL IN STEEL BUILDINGS
DESIGN GUIDE 31: CASTELLATED AND CELLULAR BEAM DESIGN
DESIGN GUIDE 32: MODULAR STEEL-PLATE COMPOSITE WALLS FOR SAFETY-RELATED NUCLEAR FACILITIES
DESIGN GUIDE 33: CURVED MEMBER DESIGN
DESIGN GUIDE 34: STEEL-FRAMED STAIRWAY DESIGN
DESIGN GUIDE 35: STEEL-FRAMED STORM SHELTERS
DESIGN GUIDE 36: DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR CAMBER
DESIGN GUIDE 37: HYBRID STEEL FRAMES WITH WOOD FLOORS
ASCE
American Society of Civil Engineers, ASCE, 1852 yılında kurulan ve tüm dünyadan üye kabul eden bir inşaat mühendisliği topluluğudur ve çok önemli yayınları bulunmaktadır. Sıklıkla kullanılan ASCE 7 bunlardan sadece bir tanesidir.
Aşağıda önemli yönetmeliklerden bazıları gösterilmektedir.
ASCE 7-22: MINIMUM DESIGN LOADS AND ASSOCIATED CRITERIA FOR BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES
ASCE 59-22:BLAST PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
ASCE 72-21:DESIGN OF STEEL LIGHTING SYSTEM SUPPORT POLE STRUCTURES
ASCE 48-19:DESIGN OF STEEL TRANSMISSION POLE STRUCTURES
ASCE 41-17:SEISMIC EVALUATION AND RETROFIT OF EXISTING BUILDINGS
ASCE 19-16:STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS OF STEEL CABLES FOR BUILDINGS
ASCE 55-16:TENSILE MEMBRANE STRUCTURES
ASCE 10-15:DESIGN OF LATTICED STEEL TRANSMISSION STRUCTURES
ASCE 37-14R2019:DESIGN LOADS ON STRUCTURES DURING CONSTRUCTION
ASCE 32-01:DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF FROST-PROTECTED SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
Önemli olan kitaplardan bazıları ise;
DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF TALL BUILDINGS FOR WIND
FAILURE CASE STUDIES: STEEL STRUCTURES
TENSILE FABRIC STRUCTURES: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, AND CONSTRUCTION
SUSTAINABILITY GUIDELINES FOR THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
SUBSTATION STRUCTURE DESIGN GUIDE
PRIMER ON SEISMIC ISOLATION
SNOW LOADS: A GUIDE TO THE USE AND UNDERSTANDING OF THE SNOW PROVISIONS OF ASCE 7-02
DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF LATTICE TOWERS AND GUYED MASTS
DESIGN LIVE LOADS FOR PARKING GARAGES
DESIGN OF GUYED ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION STRUCTURES
ANCHORAGE DESIGN FOR PETROCHEMICAL AND OTHER INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES, SECOND EDITION (2022)
ASTM
American Society of Testing Materials, ASTM çok geniş bir yelpazede yapı malzemeleri için standartlar sunmaktadır. Her türlü çelik, ankraj, civata gibi çelik malzemelerden plastiklere, test metotlarına kadar birçok bilgi ASTM standartlarında mevcuttur.
Herhangi bir konu hakkındaki ASTM standardı aşağıdaki ana adresten doğrudan aranabilir.
Kapsamlı bir araştırma içinse aşağıdaki adreste, içerik sağlayıcılar arasında filtreleme ile tüm uluslararası standartlara ulaşılabilir.
AWS
American Welding Society, AWS kaynak ve ilgili disiplinler ile ilgili yönetmelikleri oluşturur. En önemli ve karşılaşılan yönetmelik AWS D1.1 dir. İlave olarak birçok handbook ve yayınlar mevcuttur. AWS D1.1 de kaynak sembollerinden kaynak hesaplarına, kaynakçı sertifikalandırmasına ve testlere kadar kapsamlı bilgiler mevcuttur.
FEMA/NEHRP
The Federal Emergency Management Agency, FEMA nın görevi orjinal ifadesi ile”The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is the federal agency responsible for leading the Nation’s efforts to prepare for, protect and mitigate against, respond to, and recover from the impacts of natural disasters and man-made incidents or terrorist events.” şeklindedir.
NEHRP – National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program – A research and implementation partnership./FEMA
Aşağıdaki adresten çok sayıda tasarım dökümanı ve örnekler bulunabilir.
API
American Petrolium Institute, API-650.
US ARMY
US Army kılavuz dökümanları ücretsiz olup her konuda detaylı bilgi ve örnekler içermektedir. İstinat duvarlarından genleşen zeminlere (expansive/swelling soils) kadar inanılmaz geniş bir yelpazede tasarım konularında, satınalma ve şartnameler konusunda çok geniş bir kaynaktır.
https://www.publications.usace.army.mil/usace-publications/engineer-manuals
WSDOT
Washington State Department of Transportation
https://wsdot.wa.gov/engineering-standards/all-manuals-and-standards/manuals
M 30-39
2015 EEO Assurances Part II – Internal Program
M 3121
ADA Field Guide for Accessible Public Rights of Way
N/A
Advertisement and Award Manual
M 27-02
M 3049
M 3050
M 23-09
M 3030
Community Aviation Loan Program Procedures Manual
M 3140
M 3130
M 41-01
M 27-50
Cost Estimating Manual for WSDOT Projects
M 3034
M 22-01
M 3126
M 3007
Electronic Engineering Data Standards
M 3028
Environmental Health and Safety Manual
M 46-04
M 31-11
Ethnobotany and Cultural Resources Field Guide
M 3120
Ferry Terminal Inspection Procedures Manual
M 3105
Field Tables for Engineers Spirals 1984
M 3087
N/A
M 46-03
M 22-95
Highway Engineering Field Formulas
M 22-24
Highway Engineering Field Tables 1984
M 22-23
M 31-16
M 22-97
Highways Over National Forest Lands
M 22-50
M 23-03
Joint Operations Policy Statement
N/A
M 36-63
M 51-01
Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD)
N/A
M 46-01
M 3231
Organizational Conflicts of Interest Manual
M 3143
Pavement Surface Condition Field Rating Manual for Asphalt Pavements
N/A
M 3037
M 22-31
Prime Contractor Performance Report
M 41-40
Rail Safety Oversight Program Standard
M 3138
M 26-01
M 3110
Safety Procedures and Guidelines Manual
M 75-01
M 55-05
Standard Highway Signs and Markings
N/A
M 21-01
Standard Specifications for Road, Bridge, and Municipal Construction
M 41-10
M 3078
State-Managed Airport Handbook
M 3072
Station Stop Policy Guidance Document
M 3125
Streetwise: A Simplified Local Agency Pavement Management System
N/A
M 3134
Techniques of Right of Way Plans Preparation
M 3104
Temporary Erosion and Sediment Control Manual
M 3109
M 3082
M 51-02
Transportation Corridor Planning Studies Guidelines and Criteria
M 3033
Transportation Structures Preservation Manual
M 23-11
Utilities Accommodation Policy
M 22-86
M 22-87
M 3032
Vehicle Operator’s Handbook and Fuel Station Locations
M 53-55
Washington State Public Transportation Plan
M 3122
Washington State Summary of Public Transportation
M 3079
Western Regional Permit Desk Guide
M 3038
Work Zone Traffic Control Guidelines for Maintenance Operations
M 54-44
WSDOT Model Comprehensive Tribal Consultation Process for the National Environmental Policy Act